This impact statement highlights some of the National Black Women's Justice Institute's work in 2023 to research, elevate, and educate the public about innovative community-led solutions to end the criminalization of Black women and girls.

Across the United States, schools use various punitive discipline practices that result in students being removed from class, such as suspensions, expulsions, transfers to an alternative education setting, or referrals to law enforcement. These practices weaken students’ connection with school by depriving students of valuable learning time and creating an environment that erodes students’ well-being and sense of safety at school. These students often end up pushed out of school altogether, as research shows that punitive discipline practices are associated with poor student achievement and a failure to complete school.

This kind of disconnection from school creates pathways to contact with the juvenile and criminal legal systems. These school-to-confinement pathways disproportionately affect students of color, especially Black girls. To disrupt school-to-confinement pathways, schools must address the disciplinary practices that drive school pushout.

This factsheet provides a snapshot of national disciplinary trends among girls in public schools broken down by race and ethnicity across four school years between 2011 and 2018.

More than 230,000 women are incarcerated in the United States. Black women are not only disproportionately incarcerated, but they also tend to experience worse health outcomes compared to white and Hispanic women. Incarceration has been shown to be a social determinant of health and an underlying cause of the persistent inequities in overall health, reproductive health, and mental health outcomes experienced by formerly incarcerated Black women.

"Pathways to Wellness: Health Needs of Black Women After Incarceration" investigates how race, gender, health, and incarceration interact to shape the reentry experiences of formerly incarcerated women and their health, especially the experiences of Black women who are disproportionately represented within this population. It is a groundbreaking study that examines how formerly incarcerated Black women access healthcare services, the barriers they face in trying to access those services, their healthcare needs, and the impact of incarceration on their health.

California annually releases more women from prisons and jails than any other state. Yet, although 1 in 5 people released in California are women, reentry services and post-re¬lease policies have been created primarily with men in mind. This leaves significant programming gaps that do not address Black women’s unique pathways into the criminal legal system and their complex, unmet needs upon release from incarceration. For example, formerly incarcerated Black women are least likely to be employed, and when they are employed, they are overrepresented in low-wage, part-time and seasonal jobs. (This is opposed to formerly incarcerated white men who are most likely to be employed and work in full-time positions.)

This and many other programming gaps pose significant risks to the success and well-being of formerly incarcerated women, especially Black women, who face additional systemic barriers due to race and gender. This policy report makes several recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in the state of California to better meet the needs of Black women returning to their communities from incarceration.

This annual report highlights the National Black Women’s Justice Institute's work in 2022 to research, elevate, and educate the public about innovative community-led solutions to end the criminalization of Black women and girls.

Before the COVID-19 pandemic, youth in foster care and youth impacted by the juvenile legal system faced a number of risks and vulnerabilities, including physical and mental health challenges, housing instability, poorer educational outcomes, and more. Studies confirm that the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these vulnerabilities and increased racial and ethnic disparities among these youth; however, few of those studies explore the effects of gender. This study addresses that, exploring how the COVID-19 pandemic affected Black girls and gender-expansive youth impacted by the foster care and the juvenile legal systems and the organizations that serve them.

Several key themes emerged about the needs of system-impacted Black girls and gender-expansive youth during the pandemic. Among them was that the pandemic intensified already-existing needs related to housing, income, education, food, and mental health. Organizations responded to meet those needs and better serve youth in many ways, including providing crisis responses, increasing access to technology, offering remote services, and developing advocacy networks.

Throughout the pandemic, service providers were a lifeline for Black girls and gender-expansive youth impacted by the foster care and juvenile legal systems. Despite challenges, providers continued to advocate for their clients, communities, and each other to ensure system-impacted Black girls’ needs were met during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This impact statement highlights some of the National Black Women’s Justice Institute's work in 2022 to research, elevate, and educate the public about innovative community-led solutions to end the criminalization of Black women and girls.

Gender-based violence—including domestic violence—impacts an astonishing number of Black women and girls. And when Black women and girls experience gender-based violence, the strategies we take to survive are often criminalized. Ending the systemic punishment and incarceration of Black women and girls requires that we decriminalize survival. This factsheet spotlights the impact of gender-based violence on Black women and girls and the ensuing criminalization that occurs.

Led and driven by currently and formerly incarcerated women, the LOVE Project has developed a training curriculum for victim service providers that builds providers’ capacity to support system-impacted women and gender expansive people—people who are transgender, gender nonconforming, gender queer, nonbinary. Specifically, the training is focused on developing the skills necessary to become advocates for social and economic change that advances the wellbeing and opportunity landscape for women who have been directly impacted by the criminal legal system and gender-based violence.

This report from the Hope, Healing and Health Collective highlights issues that impact access to mental health care for Black girls and BIPOC youth and sets forth actionable solutions that policymakers at the federal, state, and local levels can implement to build a culturally-responsive and gender-affirming mental health care system for all youth, especially youth of color.

The H3 Collective is youth-led policy council that worked to elevate the voices of marginalized youth, particularly Black girls, Latina girls, Indigenous, and LGBTQ+ youth in developing policy solutions to address their own mental health needs, as well as the mental health of all marginalized youth of color in this country.

This conversation features experts from NBWJI and the Learning Network for Girls of Color discussing how to make schools more supportive of Black girls and other girls of color who experience sexual violence and harassment. Learn from experts who have worked to make Indianapolis Public Schools safer for girls of color about why schools must center girls of color in these efforts and steps you can take to eliminate gender-based violence in your school.

The Learning Network for Girls of Color provides a secure platform for school system leaders and educators to learn from experts across the country about trauma-informed approaches for girls of color and engage in peer-to-peer learning. The Learning Network’s content is guided by a youth advisory committee comprised of girls of color and a steering committee comprised of professionals with expertise in trauma-informed learning and/or issues relating to race, ethnicity, and gender.

The Learning Network was founded by the Georgetown Center on Poverty and Inequality's Initiative on Gender Justice & Opportunity and is co-lead by NBWJI.

The Youth Advisory Committee of the Schools for Girls of Color Learning Network recognizes that U.S. schools are not providing necessary mental health supports for girls and gender-expansive youth of color. The advisors have drafted a document of demands that are fundamental to focus and learning. Schools’ recognition of these demands will accord girls and gender-expansive students of color the rights of dignity and respect that are inherent to all human beings.

Research confirms that schools have protective effects on students. Although the factors that contribute to school bonds and attachment are well-documented, many schools, especially schools serving predominantly Black youth and other youth of color, struggle to cultivate environments that support students’ growth and development. For students of color, schools are sites where their physical, psychological, and emotional safety and wellbeing are under constant assault. This is particularly true for Black students, especially Black girls. Consequently, Black girls—specifically those who are directly impacted by the juvenile legal system and foster care—are at heightened risk of disengaging from and being pushed out of school.

The EMERGE (Educating, Mentoring, Empowering, and Reaffirming our Girls for Excellence) Reentry Program is a new promising model and educational approach that is designed to dismantle existing pathways to school disengagement and confinement and instead build pathways to college and careers for Black girls and other girls of color who have been involved in the juvenile-legal or foster care systems. EMERGE operates from the belief that preparing Black girls who have been involved in the juvenile-legal or foster care systems for educational and employment success requires also addressing their mental and emotional wellbeing. EMERGE’s program model integrates educational assistance and accelerated credit accrual with intensive mental wellness and crisis intervention services to create a learning environment organized around its students’ specialized and complex needs. These elements work together to repair students’ connections with learning and academic achievement.

This process evaluation describes and seeks to understand the services, activities, policies, and procedures of the EMERGE (Educating, Mentoring, Empowering, and Reaffirming our Girls for Excellence) Reentry Program, as well as factors that affected its implementation and evolution during its pilot phase.

In the third conversation in the Let’s Link Up series, we discuss how civic organizations and others can support the leadership and lift up the work of Black women-led organizations. We speak with civic leaders from The Links, Incorporated; Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated; and Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated about how they support community organizations that serve Black women and girls and why this work is critical to growing and strengthening Black women-led organizations like the National Black Women’s Justice Institute and others. We discuss how participants can help elevate issues regarding the criminalization and punishment of Black women and girls and what it means to advocate for healing-centered justice.

This is part of our event series "Let’s Link Up – Your Voice Gives Me Strength." Join the Western Area of The Links, Incorporated and the National Black Women's Justice Institute in building our collective power to take on critical issues that impact the health, wellbeing, and livelihood of Black women and girls. In this series, we talk to Black women who are leading healing-centered work in their communities and striving to create safe and supportive spaces for Black women and girls.

This report highlights the National Black Women’s Justice Institute's work in 2021 to research, elevate, and educate the public about innovative community-led solutions to end the criminalization of Black women and girls.

The public perception of people who have survived sex trafficking often does not reflect the reality of who is actually trafficked in the U.S. The real facts: Black women make up 40% of people who have survived sex trafficking. Black youth comprise 51% of all prostitution arrests for those under age 18—more than any other racial group. This factsheet outlines why we need to shift the narratives around sex trafficking to center Black survivors. We must end human and sex trafficking, stop the criminalization of Black survivors, and create healing-informed responses to support Black women and girls who have survived commercial and sexual exploitation.

In the second conversation in the Let’s Link Up series, we discuss the urgent need to shift the narratives around sex trafficking. The public perception of people who have survived sex trafficking often does not reflect the reality of who is actually trafficked in the U.S. The real facts:

- Black women make up 40% of people who have survived sex trafficking.

- Black youth comprise 51% of all prostitution arrests for those under age 18—more than any other racial group.

This is part of our event series "Let’s Link Up – Your Voice Gives Me Strength." In this series, we talk to Black women who are leading healing-centered work in their communities and striving to create safe and supportive spaces for Black women and girls.

There is an epidemic of unmet mental health needs among Black women and girls. But instead of addressing those mental health needs, Black girls are punished and criminalized. This factsheet outlines why it is imperative that we develop and remove barriers to culturally and gender affirming mental health services.

In the first conversation in the Let’s Link Up series, we discuss the urgent need to expand access to culturally-affirming and gender-responsive mental health services for Black women and girls. We talk with experts who remind us why this work is vitally important, what we can do to transform the landscape of services for Black women and girls, and the consequences if we do not act now.

This is part of our event series "Let’s Link Up – Your Voice Gives Me Strength." In this series, we talk to Black women who are leading healing-centered work in their communities and striving to create safe and supportive spaces for Black women and girls.

One of every 15 women in prison—amounting to more than 6,600 women—is serving a life sentence and nearly 2,000 of these have no chance for parole. Another 52 women in the U.S. are awaiting execution. Black women account for 1/3 of women serving life sentences and virtual life sentences in the U.S. Many women serving extreme sentences were victims of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse long before they committed a crime.

Boys as Allies is an educational curriculum designed for Black boys
and young men, ages 11 to 18, to help them identify and understand gender-based violence and its impact on Black girls in an effort to eliminate sexual violence and create a culture where Black girls are physically, psychologically, and emotionally safe.

This report is an overview of the National Black Women’s Justice Institute (NBWJI) work in 2020 to help eliminate racial and gender disparities in the U.S. criminal legal system that are responsible for its disproportionate impact on Black women, girls, and gender-nonconforming people.

This new brief amplifies resources, policies, and practices to create supportive learning environments, where all students have the opportunity to succeed and where Black girls have access to a robust array of targeted services and supports able to propel them to a lifetime of success.

Expanding Our Frame, Deepening Our Demands calls for an expansion of messaging and responses to more explicitly center the experiences of Black women, girls, trans and gender nonconforming people. The brief highlights ways in which systems advanced as sources of “safety” from sexual violence—including law enforcement, educational settings, social services, and health care provider—often in fact serve as perpetrators of sexual violence against Black women and girls.

This report is a data analysis from the 2015 - 2016 U.S. Department of Education Office for Civil Rights Data Collection. The data summary offers national trends and regional trends associated with school discipline for girls in public U.S. elementary, middle, and high schools. This document also presents data for charter schools.

This document is the culmination of a year-long participatory learning and community-response project. The document outlines policy and school-led practice recommendations responsive to a host of conditions that were named to be of concern by girls of color in the Boston community, and that are typically associated with negative disciplinary and performance outcomes among girls of color nationwide.

This toolkit is based on first-of-their-kind focus groups and interviews conducted by the Center on Poverty and the National Black Women’s Justice Institutite with school resource officers (SROs) and girls of color. It offers strategies and guidance to improve interactions between school-based police and girls of color and decrease the disproportionate use of school discipline with girls of color, The report was focused on the South, an area often overlooked in related research.

This report discusses concepts of "sanctuary" and "freedom" through a policy lens that centers Black women, girls, gender nonconforming people and fem(mes). Offering a policy platform that amplifies the work of the Ms. Foundation Safety cohort, this report offers a policy framework that expands constructs of freedom and offers anti-criminalization strategies to uplift safety.